Nutrition

Final Exam Objectives

1. Define and describe the difference between essential and non-essential amino acids.
2. List the functions of protein in the body.
3. Define and cite examples of complete, incomplete, complimentary, and high-quality proteins.
4. Discuss why Sickle cell anemia occurs and the major problem because of it.
5. Describe Marasmus and its cause.
6. Discuss the different types of vegetarian diets.
7. Define hunger, appetite, and satiety. Discuss where this happens in the brain.
8. Discuss the consequences of caloric intake versus energy output.
9. Describe the consequence of "yo-yo" dieting.
10. Define basal metabolism (BMR).
11. Discuss what is needed to calculate your Body Mass Index (BMI).
12. Discuss the various nutrients and how much energy each one is worth.
13. Describe the benefits of lean body mass versus increased body fat.
14. Describe the behavior of fat cells during weight gain or loss.
15. Define central obesity and discuss the risks for disease.
16. Define set-point theory and how it relates to weight control.
17. Discuss behavior modification, diet plans, medications, and physical activity as tools for weight loss / control.
18. Describe the characteristics of vitamins.
19. Be able to give an example of a water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamin.
20. Describe the importance of folate.
21. Define the terms: enriched and fortification.
22. Know which vitamins are water-soluble and fat-soluble.
23. Describe COMMON sources of these vitamins.
24. Describe COMMON actions of these vitamins: Vitamin A = vision, Vitamin E = antioxidant, ect.
25. Discuss how the body makes Vitamin D.
26. Know what causes Beriberi, Scurvy, Pellagra, and Goiters
27. What vitamins are considered antioxidants? What do these do for us?
28. Know the functions of water.
29. Describe the thirst mechanism.
30. Discuss the recommendations for water.
31. What are electrolytes and what do they do for us?
32. What are the symptoms of an electrolyte imbalance?
33. Describe how diet can be responsible for hypertension and edema?
34. Discuss why a mineral is called a trace element versus a major mineral.
35. What is the most abundant mineral in the body? What is its purpose?
36. What mineral is responsible for a steady heartbeat?
37. What mineral is important in the absorption of calcium?
38. Discuss what foods would improve the absorption of iron? MFP
39. Know what mineral the RBCs (red blood cells) are closely associated with.
40. What is the most common nutrient deficiency in the world?
41. What disease does a deficiency of iodine cause?
42. Why is fluoride important to our health?
43. Discuss the ways our body loses water besides urination.